Phylogenetic placement: Passeri: Passerides: Sylviida: Paroidea

Distribution: Africa, Eurasia, North America and Mexico

Number of extant genera: 3

Number of extant species: ~11

References

Alström P, Hooper DM, Liu Y, Olsson U, Mohan D, Gelang M, Manh HL, Zhao J, Lei F, and Price TD (2014), Discovery of a relict lineage and monotypic family of passerine birds, Biol. Lett. 10, e:20131067. (abstract) 

Barani-Beiranvand H, Aliabadian M, Irestedt M, Qu Y, Darvish J, Székely T, van Dyk RE, and Ericson PGP (2017), Phylogeny of penduline tits inferred from mitochondrial and microsatellite genotyping, J. Avian Biol. 48, 932-940. (free reading)

Barker FK (2014), Mitogenomic data resolve basal relationships among passeriform and passeridan birds, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 79, 313-424. (abstract) 

Dai C, Chen K, Zhang R, Yang X, Yin Z, Tian H, Zhang Z, Hu Y, and Lei F (2010), Molecular phylogenetic analysis among species of Paridae, Remizidae and Aegithalos based on mtDNA sequences of COI and cyt b, Chinese Birds 1, 112-123. (free pdf)

Jønsson KA, and Fjeldså J (2006), Determining biogeographical patterns of dispersal and diversification in oscine passerine birds in Australia, Southeast Asia and Africa, J. Biogeogr. 33, 1155-65. (abstract)

Johansson US, Ekman J, Bowie RCK, Halvarsson P, Ohlson JI, Price TD, and Ericson PGP (2013), A complete multilocus species phylogeny of the tits and chickadees (Aves: Paridae), Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 69, 852-860. (abstract)

Kuhl H, Frankl-Vilches C, Bakker A, Mayr G, Nikolaus G, Boerno ST, Klages S, Timmermann B, and Gahr M (2021), An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life, Mol. Biol. Evol. 38, 108-127. (free pdf)

Moyle RG, Oliveros CH, Andersen MJ, Hosner PA, Benz BW, Manthey JD, Travers SL, Brown RM, and Faircloth BC (2016) Tectonic collision and uplift of Wallacea triggered the global songbird radiation, Nat. Commun. 7, e:12709. (free pdf)

Oliveros CH, Field DJ, Ksepka DT, Barker KF, Aleixo A, Andersen MJ, Alström P, Benz BW, Braun EL, Braun MJ, Bravo GA, Brumfield RT, Chesser RT, Claramunt S, Cracraft J, Cuervo AM, Derryberry EP, Glenn TC, Harvey MG, Hosner PA, Joseph L, Kimball RT, Mack AL, Miskelly CM, Peterson AT, Robbins MB, Sheldon FH, Silveira LF, Smith BT, White ND, Moyle RG, and Faircloth BC (2019), Earth history and the passerine superradiation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116, 7915-25. (pdf)

Stiller J, Feng S, Chowdhury AA, Rivas-González I, Duchêne DA, Fang Q, Deng Y, Kozlov A, Stamatakis A, Claramunt S, Nguyen JMT, Ho SYW, Faircloth BC, Haag J, Houde P, Cracraft J, Balaban M, Mai U, Chen G, Gao R, Zhou C, Xie Y, Huang Z, Cao Z, Yan Z, Ogilvie HA, Nakhleh L, Lindow B, Morel B, Fjeldså J, Hosner PA, da Fonseca RR, Petersen B, Tobias JA, Székely T, Kennedy JD, Reeve AH, Liker A, Stervander M, Antunes A, Tietze DT, Bertelsen M, Lei F, Rahbek C, Graves GR, Schierup MH, Warnow T, Braun EL, Gilbert MTP, Jarvis ED, Mirarab S, and Zhang G (2024), Complexity of avian evolution revealed by family-level genomes, Nature (preview pdf)

Tietze DT, and Borthakur U (2012), Historical biogeography of tits (Aves: Paridae, Remizidae), Org. Divers. Evol. 12, 433-444. (abstract)